A minimal PDF
Two identical pages carrying the bones of an invoice in plain shapes, and not a word of lettering: the smallest file there is, and it opens anywhere.
A document that reads freely and asks not to be copied
Think of a price list left on the counter of a shop. Anybody may pick it up, read it and take it home: that is what it is there for. What you would rather not see is your own paragraphs turning up word for word in somebody else's brochure a fortnight later. The document below is that price list. It opens for everybody, and it carries a written request that its text be left alone.
A PDF can carry two passwords, and they do two different jobs. One is asked for before the document opens at all, and this document has none: the page is simply there, and it prints. The other is asked of nobody — it lifts the restrictions written into a document anybody can already read, and on a closed document it opens that one as well. What this one carries is that second password, and a written request with it: do not let this text be copied, do not let it be altered. See the request for yourself, it takes five seconds. Open the document with the button on this page, right-click on a line of its text, and look at the menu that comes up. In Chrome the “Copy” entry is greyed out and pressing it does nothing: Chrome read the request and did as it was asked. In the viewer built into Firefox the same right-click copies the sentence like any other: Firefox read the request and went on regardless. Neither program is broken, and that is the whole point. The document asks; each piece of software answers for itself. It is the rope across a museum doorway, not the door of a safe.
What this example shows
- It opens with nothing typed, on any reader, and prints like any other document.
- What it asks of the reading software: printing and reading aloud yes, copying and altering no — and what each program does with that, which is not the same in Chrome as in Firefox.
- Every word of it scrambled inside the file, so nothing that reads the file straight through finds a sentence.
The code that writes it, in full
Whole programs, hundreds of lines long, for whoever writes your software.
Read the Rust source Read the Python source
The document itself
Open the document in English Open the document in French
The other document of this pair
The other one is the door most people mean when they say a PDF is protected: it asks for a password before it shows anything at all. That one is nobody's request — without the password, not a line is readable. Its page carries the file and the password to try it with.
What this document weighs
This document weighs 40.8 kB.
Scrambling a document adds a key to it, not a chapter: it weighs what the same page weighs unscrambled. See what every document weighs.
The speed and weight figures on this site are measured with a licence key. See what a trial copy draws.
Details for technical readers
Exactly 40 806 bytes.
A kilobyte on this site is a thousand bytes.
Examples near this one
Showing page one before the file has arrived
The same document written twice, the ordinary way and with its first page moved to the head of the file, with how much of each a reader must hold before page one appears.
Making the file smaller
The same document written twice, plainly and packed, with what each one weighs and what the packing saved.
A document that asks for a password before it opens
A page nothing shows until its password is typed in: no first line, no preview, no picture of it anywhere. The password is written on its own page, to be tried.
Fonts kept inside the file
Text set in a typeface the file carries inside it, cut down to the letters actually used, and still searchable, copyable and readable aloud.
Letters you draw yourself
A tick, a cross and a dash drawn by the program, added to the document as a font, and set among ordinary words.
Glossary
- request
- One call to the service: you send what the document should say, and get the document back. Your bill counts these calls, one for each document. The number of pages inside a document is never counted.